Dr. Chris Lennard Contact Details email
About Me Research Interests Background Publications
Publications
Academic Publications

Please have a look at my ORCID profile for an updated list of publications. It's getting a bit cumbersome keeping this page updated.
Thanks.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6085-0320

Lennard, C., Nikulin, G, Dosio, A, and Moufouma-Okia, W., 2018. On the need for regional climate information over Africa under varying levels of global warming. Environmental Research Letters. 1-26. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aab2b4

Nikulin, G., Lennard, C., Dosio, A., Kjellström, E., Chen, Y., Hänsler, A., Kupiainen, M., Laprise, R., Mariotti, L., Maule, C.F. and van Meijgaard, E., 2018. The effects of 1.5 and 2 degrees of global warming on Africa in the CORDEX ensemble. Environmental Research Letters. 1-26. Doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aab1b

Mba, W.P., Longandjo, G.N., Moufouma-Okia, W., Bell, J.P., James, R., Vondou, D.A.D., Haensler, A., Nguemo, T.C.F., Guenang, G.M., Tchotchou, A.L.D., Kamsu-Tamo, P.H., Angennes L, Pierre H, Takong, R. R., Nikulin, G, Lennard, C., and Dosio, A.,2018. Consequences of 1.5° C and 2° C global warming levels for temperature and precipitation changes over Central Africa. Environmental Research Letters. 1-26. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aab048

Maure, G.A., Pinto, I., Ndebele-Murisa, M.R., Muthige, M., Lennard, C., Nikulin, G., Dosio, A. and Meque, A.O., 2018. The southern African climate under 1.5° and 2° C of global warming as simulated by CORDEX modelsEnvironmental Research Letters. 1-26. Doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aab190 Klutse, N.A., Ajayi, V, Gbobaniyi, E, Egbebiyi, T, Kouadio, K, Nkrumah, Quagraine, K, Olusegun, C, Diasso, U. J, Abiodun, B, Lawal, , Nikulin, G, Lennard, C, and Dosio, A., 2018. Potential Impact of 1.5°C and 2°C Global Warming on Consecutive Dry and Wet Days over West AfricaEnvironmental Research Letters. 1-26. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aab37b

Wolski, P., Jack, C., Tadross, M., van Aardenne, L. and C. Lennard (2018). Interannual rainfall variability and SOM-based circulation classification. Clim. Dyn. doi:10.1007/s00382-017-3621-1

Wolski, P., C. Lennard, Jack, C., and Tadross, M. (2017). Seasonal hydrological forecasting - Current state of play. Water Wheel, 16(5): 30-33.

Blamey, R., C. Middleton, C. Lennard and C.J.C. Reason (2016). A climatology of potential severe convective environments across South Africa. Clim. Dyn. doi:10.1007/s00382-016-3434-7

Nchaba, T., M. Mpholo, and C. Lennard (2016). Long term austral summer wind speed trends over southern Africa. Int. J. Climatol.. doi:10.1002/joc.4883

Steynor, A., J. Padgham, B. Hewitson, C. Jack and C. Lennard (2016). Co-exploratory climate risk workshops: Experiences from urban Africa. Climate Risk Management, 1-26. doi:10.1016/j.crm.2016.03.001

Gutowski Jr., W. J., Giorgi, F., Timbal, B., Frigon, A., Jacob, D., Kang, H.-S., Raghavan, K., Lee, B., Lennard, C., Nikulin, G., O'Rourke, E., Rixen, M., Solman, S., Stephenson, T., and Tangang, F. (2016). WCRP COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX): A diagnostic MIP for CMIP6. Geoscie. Model Dev., 1-14. doi:10.5194/gmd-2016-120

Lennard C., A.N. Hahmann, J. Badger, N.G. Mortensen and B. Argent, (2015). Development of a numerical wind atlas for South Africa. Energy Procedia, 76, pp.128-137.

Pinto, I., C. Lennard, M. Tadross, B. Hewitson, A. Dosio, G. Nikulin, H-J. Panitz and M.E. Shongwe, (2016). Evaluation and projections of extreme precipitation over southern Africa from two CORDEX models. Climatic Change, doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1573-1

Endris, H. S., C. Lennard, B. Hewitson, A. Dosio, G. Nikulin and H.J. Panitz, (2015). Teleconnection responses in multi-GCM driven CORDEX RCMs over Eastern Africa. Climate Dynamics, doi: 10.10007/s00382-015-2734-7.

Favre, A., N. Philippon, B. Pohl, E. Kalognomou, C. Lennard, B. Hewitson, G. Nikulin, A. Dosio, H.J. Panitz and R. Cerezo-Mota, (2015). Spatial distribution of precipitation annual cycles over South Africa in 10 CORDEX regional climate model present-day simulations. Climate Dynamics, doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2677-z

Abiodun, B. J., S. Abba Omar, C. Lennard and C. Jack, (2015). Using regional climate models to simulate extreme rainfall events in the Western Cape, South Africa. Int. J. Climatol., doi: 10.1002/joc.4376

Klutse, N. A., B., Sylla, M. B., Diallo, I., Sarr, A., Dosio, A., Diedhiou, A., Kamga, A., Lamptey, B., Ali, A., Gbobanyini E., Owusu, K., Lennard, C., Hewitson, B., Grigory Nikulin, G., Panitz, HJ, Buchner, M. (2015). Daily characteristics of West African summer monsoon precipitation in CORDEX simulations. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 1-18.

Lennard, C., and Hegerl, G. (2014). Relating changes in synoptic circulation to the surface rainfall response using self-organising maps. Climate Dynamics, 1-19. doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2169-6

Lennard, C (2014).Simulating an Extreme Wind Event in a Topographically Complex Region. Boundary Layer Meteorology, 153(2):237-250, doi:10.1007/s10546-014-9939-x

Niang, I., O.C. Ruppel, M.A. Abdrabo, A. Essel, C. Lennard, J. Padgham, and P. Urquhart, (2014). Africa. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1199-1265.

Shongwe, M., C. Lennard, B. Liebmann, E. Kalognoumou, L Ntsangwane and I Pinto, (2014). An Evaluation of CORDEX Regional Climate Models in Simulating Precipitation over Southern Africa. Atmospheric Research Letters: doi:10.1002/asl2.538

Kalognomou, E., C. Lennard, M.Shongwe, I. Pinto, M. Kent, B. Hewitson, A. Dosio, G. Nikulin, H. Panitz, M. Buchner (2013). A diagnostic evaluation of precipitation in CORDEX models over southern Africa. Journal of Climate, 26(23):9477-9506. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00703.1

Endris, H., P. Omondi, S. Jain, L. Changa, C. Lennard, B. Hewitson, J. Awange, P. Ketiem, A. Dosio, G. Nikulin, H. Panitz, M. Buchner, F. Stordal, L.Tazalika (2013). Assessment of the performance of CORDEX Regional Climate Models in Simulating Eastern Africa Rainfall. Journal of Climate, 26(21):8453-8475. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00708.1

Gbobaniyi, E., A. Sarr, M. B. Sylla, I. Diallo, C. Lennard, A. Dosio, A. Dhie ́diou, A. Kamga, N. A. B. Klutse, B. Hewitson, G. and B. Lamptey, (2013). Climatology, annual cycle and interannual variability of precipitation and temperature in CORDEX simulations over West Africa. International Journal of Climatology, doi:10.1002/joc.3834

Ratnam V, S. Behera, S. Ratna, H, Rautenbach, C. Lennard, J. Juo, Y Masumoto, K. Takahashi, T. Yamamoto, (2013). Dynamical downscaling of austral summer climate forecasts over Southern Africa using a regional coupled model, Journal of Climate, (26) 6015-6032, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00645.1

Kim J, D. Waliser, C. Mattmann, C. Goodale, A. Hart, P. Zimdars, D. Crichton, C. Jones, G. Nikulin, B. Hewitson, C. Jack, C. Lennard and A. Favre (2013). Evaluation of the surface climatology in the CORDEX-Africa multi-RCM hindcast experiment using the JPL-UCLA Regional Climate Model Evaluation System (RCMES). Climate Dynamics, doi: 10.1007/s00382-013-1751-7

Favre, A., B. Hewitson, C. Lennard, R. Cerezo-Mota and M. Tadross (2013). Cut-off Lows in the South Africa region and their contribution to precipitation. Climate Dynamics, 41(9-10), 2331-2351.

Hewitson B, C. Lennard, G. Nikulin and C. Jones, (2012). CORDEX-Africa: a unique opportunity for science and capacity building. CLIVAR Exchanges 01/2012; 60:6-7

Favre, A., B. Hewitson, M. Tadross, C. Lennard and R Cerezo-Mota, (2011). Relationships between cut-off lows and the Semi-annual and Southern Oscillations. Climate Dynamics, doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1030-4

Sang, H., A. Gelfand, C. Lennard, G. Hegerl and B. Hewitson, (2008). Interpreting self-organizing maps through space-time data models. Annals of Applied Statistics: 2: 1194-1216

Technical Reports Hahmann, A.N., C. Lennard, J. Badger, C.L. Vincent, M.C. Kelly, P.J. Volker, B. Argent and J. Refslund, (2015). "Mesoscale modeling for the Wind Atlas of South Africa (WASA) project." Technical University of Denmark, pp. 81. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3735.6887.

Lawal K., P. Wolski, C. Lennard, M. Tadross, B. Abiodun, O Angelil, R.C. Mota, D. Stone, (2015). "Predictability and attribution of the South African seasonal climate". Water Research Commission Research Report No.2067/1/15, pp. 115.

Lennard C, L. Coop, D. Morrison and R. Grandin (2013): "Extreme events: Past and future changes in the attributes of extreme rainfall and the dynamics of their driving processes". Water Research Commission report No 1960/1/12, pp 105.

Hewitson B, C. Reason, W. Tennant, M. Tadross, C. Jack, N. MacKellar, C. Lennard, K. Hansingo, R. Walawege, and M. Mdoka, (2004). "Dynamical modelling of present and future climate systems." Water Research Commission Research Report No.1154/1/04, pp. 101.

PhD Thesis Lennard, C. J. (2008) Identification and simulation of extreme precipitation using a computationally inexpensive methodology, PhD Thesis, Iniversity of Cape Town, South Africa.
Book Chapter

Lennard, C., B. Hewitson and J. Padgham (2013). CORDEX-Africa: Analyzing CORDEX data for integration into the impacts community. In: Climate Change Perspectives from the Atlantic, Eds. Fernandez-Palacios et al., Serviso De Publicaniones, Universidad de la Laguna, pp. 541-561

Selected Conference Papers

Lennard, C. (2015). Climate Science for Climate Services: capacity development within CORDEX-Africa. Our Common Future under Climate Change International Scientific Conference, Paris, France.

Lennard, C. et al. (2015). Development of a numerical wind atlas for South Africa. EGU annual general meeting, Austria.

Lennard, C. et al. (2014). Quantifying uncertainty in rainfall observation datasets for Africa: A probabilistic history. 21st Century challenges in regional climate modeling, Lund, Sweden.

Lennard, C. et al. (2013). A comparative and quantitative assessment of South Africa’s wind resource – The WASA project. EGU annual general meeting, Austria.

Lennard, C and L. Kalognoumou, (2013). A diagnostic evaluation of precipitation in CORDEX models over southern Africa. EGU annual general meeting, Austria.

Lennard, C, (2012). Changes in the drivers of extreme rainfall over South Africa. EGU annual general meeting, Austria.

Lennard, C, (2010). Using self organizing maps to relate changes in extreme rainfall to changes in synoptic circulation. AGU Chapman Conference on Complexity and Extreme Events, India.

Lennard, C, (2008). Interpolation of temperature fields using dynamic and static lapse rates. South African Society of Atmospheric Sciences annual meeting, South Africa.

Lennard, C, (2006). Modeling extreme mid-latitude cyclones over Cape Town, South Africa. Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography, Brazil.